Betaine

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Betaine is a methyl derivative of glycine first isolated from sugar beets. It has been shown to have potential benefits for fighting heart disease, improving body composition, and helping promote muscle gain and fat loss because of its abilities to promote protein synthesis in the body. Betaine is a quaternary ammonium zwitterion, extensively present in animals, plants, and microorganisms.
It also forms a good dietary source as it is found in wheat, spinach, shellfish, and sugar beets. Betaine is a methyl derivative of the amino acid glycine. It is known by different names such as trimethylglycine, glycine betaine, lycine, and oxyneurine.

Betaine shows negligible cytotoxicity even after long-term exposure of cells. It is rich in abundant microorganisms, plants, and animals. In human serum, the resting concentration of betaine ranges from ~2.3 to 8.2 mg/L. As a well-known osmoprotectant, betaine is able to protect cells against osmotically induced inactivation. Betaine could work as a nontoxic CPA (Cryoprotectants) and enable cells to survive ultrarapid cryopreservation to achieve superior cell survival efficiency. It is found that the cellular uptake of betaine is ultra-rapid for intracellular protection during the freezing process[1]. Betaine stabilizes corneal epithelial cell volume under hyperosmotic stress and limits hyperosmotic stress-induced HCLE apoptosis.

Betaine (glycine betaine or trimethylglycine) plays important roles as an osmolyte and a methyl donor in animals. In humans, betaine is obtained from the diet or from its metabolic precursor choline. Betaine is utilized as a methyl donor in a reaction that converts homocysteine into methionine via betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase. Betaine also plays a role in osmotic regulation in the kidneys, which are routinely exposed to high extracellular osmolarity during normal operation of the urinary concentrating mechanism. Furthermore, dietary betaine suppresses the activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) with oxidative stress, and the protein expression of proinflammatory molecules such as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in aged rat kidneys. Betaine has protective effects against LPS-induced memory impairment that are mediated through unique mechanisms involving betaine actions on GAT2, which is involved in the development of memory impairment, without affecting pro-inflammatory molecules or glial markers.

Formula: C5H11NO2

CAS Number: 107-43-7

Molecular Weight: 117.15

Purity: 99.8% 

Appearance: Solid

Research Chemicals are available in Crystalline solid, solid, crystal, powder, and liquid form

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